Plastic Surgery

Plastic Surgery is a wide term for prominent and efficient physical management which is performed for various proficient motives.

The word plastic is acquired from the Greek word ‘plastikos’ referring to form or to shape and there is no relation with the current plastics.

The plastic surgery involves two main portions such as:-

• Cosmetic surgery is pursued to alter the characteristics when the patient finds it unpleasant.

• Reconstructive surgery is undertaken to rectify the defects by skin grafting. Some type of microsurgery is done or corrects the faults of trauma, serious effects of surgery and disease.

Plastic surgery is a distinctive type of surgery that involves the person’s looks and aptitude to function.

There is a development of appearance, assurance and self image in the patients attempted by the plastic surgeons and this is executed by reconstructive and cosmetic procedures.

History of Plastic Surgery

One can see the tremendous improvement in the history of plastic surgery since the past. In 8 th century BC, the famous gigantic Indian surgeon ‘Susrutha’ pursued plastic surgery with the help of skin grafting for reconditioning the skin of various people.

The work performed by the popular surgeon was recognized as ‘Sushruta Samhita’ and most commonly operated rhinoplasty and otoplasty. Plastic surgery became popular during the 18 th century which has been displayed from the various publications like Gentleman’s Magazine.

During the 1 st century BC, Romans restore the injured and smashed ears. In the mid of 15 th century, a rhinoplasty which is the plastic surgery of the nose was executed in the Europe . Plastic surgery for the head and face was established during the nineteenth and twentieth centuries and contains higher complications.

In 1827, Dr. John Peter Mettauer was the first well known plastic surgeon of the United States who has executed the first cleft palate operation by using various devices. Sir Harold Gillies is known as the father of the current plastic surgery and has introduced several procedures for the latest plastic surgery.

Types of Plastic Surgery

Cosmetic Surgery

Cosmetic surgery refers to the surgery that is intended to build up the facial features or appearance of the person. In 2004, about 11.9 million cosmetic surgeries were executed in the United States and are performed for the development of the individual person.

Most of the cosmetic methods include various complications. The major kinds of cosmetic surgeries pursued are abdominoplasty, rhinoplasty, abdominal etching, mastopexy, buttock augmentation and otoplasty.

Reconstructive Surgery

Reconstructive surgery is undertaken by those women who had a contracture, palate surgery for the burns, cleft lip and mastectomy. Sex reassignment surgery is also one of the types of reconstructive surgery which is undertaken by the transsexual people.

Skin Care

The first thing you should know before caring the skin is to know which type of skin you have. There are five kinds of skin:

• Normal skin
• Oily or greasy skin
• Dry skin
• Sensitive skinand
• Combinational skin

A glowing, smooth skin is one of the first things that is noticed in an attractive, well groomed person. But this happens only when you are healthy.

For healthy skin, you should have healthy diet, a diet which contains proper amount of minerals, vitamins and proteins. Diet is not the alone factor, hygiene is also important factor for healthy skin. The most important factor is the cleanliness. Face should be washed regularly with warm water and soap removes oil, sweat, dirt and bacteria.

Tips for healthy skin:

• You should wash your face as many times as you can.
• You should avoid eating fried and cheesy food.
• Rub your face with ice-cubes and you can also try ice water mixed with lime juice and wash the face with this mixture.

Ordinary washing of the face does not remove grease, dust, perspiration, dirt, stale make up and bacteria from the skin which cleansing do. Cleansing creams goes deeper into the pores and wash them thoroughly. Always apply a cleansing cream on cheeks, chin, neck and forehead. It should be done two times a day once in the morning and one before going to bed.

The steaming is done to open the pores. It has the benefits of face scrubs, masks and creams. Take a broad pot and fill it with water, lower your face over the pot, covering your head and pot, so that the steam is directed onto the face. Then dry your face with a dry towel. Steaming should be done once in a week. Apply a moisturizer, and massage the face and neck. Then steam your face. Take a cotton ball and gently wipe your face. This will help to clear off the dead cells and increase the blood circulation.

An astringent helps to stop bleeding and reduce the body secretions as they cause blood vessels and tissues to contract. Shave lotions, cologne and cleansing creams are made from astringents only. As they are antiseptic they are helpful in treating acne. After steaming the face, wipe your face and neck with astringents. They are used to make after shave lotions, cologne and other skin preparations like cleansing creams.

You should tone your skin for youthful and rejuvenated feel because due to age and other things like weather, pollution and other harmful things in atmosphere, the face and other body parts starts sagging and start showing wrinkles.

Dry skin and wrinkles appear on face as the epidermal cells gradually lose their capacity to produce new cells while the dermis that produces collagen loses its elasticity. Toners are used to clean the oil from the skin. They may cause skin feel tighter because of skin irritation. The skin is freshened by skin toning lotions. They help to increase the blood supply to the skin

The main function of moisturizer is to prevent loss of moisturizer and dehydration of the skin. It also helps speed up the process of cell renewal. It must have the ingredients that supply vitamins, minerals to the skin. There are creams that boost the natural waterproofing barrier of the skin and soothe the skin by its natural surface oils.

For the cleaning process of skin care free packs or masks are essential. They help to stimulate the blood circulation, tone the muscle and maintain the elasticity of the skin. They eliminate the dirt and grime from the pores in the skin.

It tightens the skin in half an hour and makes feel fresh and younger.